(CNN) -- A literary voice revered globally for her poetic command and her commitment to civil rights has fallen silent.
Maya Angelou died at her home in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, on Wednesday, said her literary agent, Helen Brann.
The 86-year-old was a
novelist, actress, professor, singer, dancer and activist. In 2010,
President Barack Obama named her the recipient of the Medal of Freedom,
the country's highest civilian honor.
Maya Angelou: Poet, novelist and actress
One of Angelou's most praised books was "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings."
The memoir bore witness
to the brutality of a Jim Crow South, portraying racism in stark
language. Readers learned of the life of Marguerite Ann Johnson
(Angelou's birth name) up to the age of 16: how she was abandoned by her
parents and raped by her mother's boyfriend. She was homeless and
became a teen mother.
Its publication was both daring and historic given the era of its debut in 1969.
"All of the writers of my
generation must honor the ground broken by Dr. Maya Angelou," author
Tayari Jones posted on her Facebook page Wednesday.
"She told a story that
wasn't allowed to be told," Jones said. "Now, people tell all sorts of
things in memoir, but when she told the truth, she challenged a taboo --
not for shock value, but to heal us all."
Black American novelist Julian Mayfield is said to have described the autobiography as "a work of art which eludes description."
"I Know Why the Caged
Bird Sings" was an international bestseller and nominated for a National
Book Award in 1970. In six other autobiographical books she
subsequently penned, Angelou revealed myriad interests and occupations
of her life.
From being a drop-out to Dr. Angelou
Angelou spent her early years studying dance and drama in San Francisco but dropped out of school at age 14.
When she was 16, Angelou became San Francisco's first female streetcar driver.
Angelou later returned to high school to get her diploma. She gave birth a few weeks
after graduation. While the 17-year-old single mother waited tables to
support her son, she developed a passion for music and dance, and toured
Europe in the mid-1950s in the opera production "Porgy and Bess."
In 1957, she recorded her first album, "Miss Calypso."
In 1958, Angelou become a
part of the Harlem Writers Guild in New York and played a queen in "The
Blacks," an off-Broadway production by French dramatist Jean Genet.
"I created myself," Angelou once said. "I have taught myself so much."
Affectionately referred
to as Dr. Angelou, the professor never went to college. She has more
than 30 honorary degrees and taught American studies for years at Wake
Forest University in Winston-Salem.
"Maya Angelou has been a
towering figure -- at Wake Forest and in American culture. She had a
profound influence in civil rights and racial reconciliation," Wake
Forest University President Nathan O. Hatch said Wednesday. "We will
miss profoundly her lyrical voice and always keen insights."
Angelou spoke at least six languages and worked as a newspaper editor in Egypt and Ghana. It was during that time that she wrote "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings," the first in a series of autobiographical books.
"I want to write so well that a person is 30 or 40 pages in a book of mine ... before she realizes she's reading," Angelou said.
Poetry after childhood tragedy
Angelou was born April
4, 1928, in St. Louis. She grew up between St. Louis and the
then-racially segregated town of Stamps, Arkansas.
The famous poet got into
writing after a childhood tragedy that stunned her into silence for
years. When she was 7, her mother's boyfriend raped her. He was beaten
to death by a mob after she testified against him.
"My 7-and-a-half-year-old logic deduced that my voice had killed him, so I stopped speaking for almost six years," she said.
From the silence, a louder voice was born.
In her poem "Caged
Bird," Angelou wrote: "A free bird leaps/on the back of the wind/and
floats downstream/till the current ends/and dips his wing/in the orange
sun rays/and dares to claim the sky.
But a bird that
stalks/down his narrow cage/can seldom see through/his bars of rage/his
wings are clipped/and his feet are tied/so he opens his throat to sing."
Surrounded by greats
Angelou's list of
friends is as impressive as her illustrious career. Talk show queen
Oprah Winfrey referred to her as "sister friend." She counted Rosa
Parks, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., with whom she worked during
the civil rights movement, among her friends. King was assassinated on
her birthday.
In an interview with CNN
in January 2009, just days before President Obama was inaugurated for
his first term, she gave her thoughts about the United States' election
of its first black president.
"It was as if someone in the outer sphere said, 'What can we do to really show how important Martin Luther King was?'"
Seeing Obama about to take office made her feel proud, she said.
"I'm excited. I'm
hopeful. I'm talking all the time to people, and sometimes I've really
said it so many times I wonder if I'm coming off like a piece of tape
recording, but I'm very proud to be an American.
"In 30 or 40 years, (the
election) will not be considered so incredibly important. ... There
will be other people in those next three or four decades who will run
for the presidency -- some women, some native American, some
Spanish-speaking, some Asian. We're about to grow up in this country."
Obama remembered Angelou
on Wednesday, saying she was "one of the brightest lights of our time
-- a brilliant writer, a fierce friend, and a truly phenomenal woman."
He noted that she
expressed her talents in many ways, but "above all, she was a
storyteller" and "her greatest stories were true."
The president said that his own mother was so inspired by Angelou that she named his sister Maya.
'A long journey'
In CNN's 2009 interview,
Angelou spoke in the way that she came to be famous for, each sentence a
crescendo of emotion, a call to everyone to act and to be better.
"Our country needs us
all right now to stand up and be counted. We need to try to be great
citizens. We are necessary in this country, and we need to give
something -- that is to say, go to a local hospital, go to the
children's ward and offer to the nurse in charge an hour twice a month
that you can give them reading children's stories or poetry," she said.
"And go to an old folks' home and read the newspaper to somebody. Go to
your church or your synagogue or your mosque, and say, 'I'd like to be
of service. I have one hour twice a month.'
"You'll be surprised at how much better you will feel," she said. "And good done anywhere is good done everywhere."
Angelou was also one of the first black female film directors. Her work on Broadway has been nominated for Tony Awards.
Before making it big, the 6-foot-tall wordsmith also worked as a cook and sang with a traveling road show.
"Look where we've all
come from ... coming out of darkness, moving toward the light," she once
said. "It is a long journey, but a sweet one, bittersweet."
